The ability to manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular scale has unlocked new possibilities for creating devices with extraordinary physical properties. One field that has greatly benefitted from this breakthrough is wireless communications, with the development of miniature transceivers and antennas operating in uncharted frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. In one of the most recent papers, researchers at WIoT Institute explore the state of the art in electromagnetic nanoscale communication and networks, emphasizing a bottom-up approach to reveal the immense potential of this technology. Innovative applications, fundamental physical properties, and tailored communication solutions are discussed, highlighting a roadmap to bring socially meaningful applications into reality.

Researchers have ventured into traditionally unexplored frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum by designing miniature transceivers and antennas. These developments hold promise for transformative applications across various scales, from nano to macro, and domains spanning biological and non-biological systems. The application of this technology ranges from classical to quantum realms, revolutionizing how we interact with the world around us.

Starting from the basic building blocks at the nanoscale, they have constructed communication solutions that transcend conventional limitations. This approach allows for a more profound understanding of the underlying phenomena, which play a crucial role in the propagation of signals at optical and terahertz frequencies. By harnessing nanoscale communication, researchers have unlocked potential applications in diverse fields, ranging from medical diagnostics and treatment to environmental monitoring and smart infrastructure.

To fully grasp the potential of electromagnetic nanoscale communication, examining the fundamental physical properties and capabilities of nano-transceivers and nano-antennas at optical and terahertz frequencies is essential. By understanding the wave and particle perspectives affecting signal propagation, researchers can fine-tune these devices to achieve optimal performance.

This paper explores the state of the art in electromagnetic nanoscale communication and networks. It also dives deep into the possibility of controlling matter at the atomic and molecular scale to develop new types of devices that will lead to the creation of transformative applications with a wide range of impacts across different scales (from nano to macro).